GEOSPATIAL REFERENCING
4.0 semester hours equivalent (non-transferable)
Recommended Prerequisite(s):
COORDINATE GEOMETRY

This course presents the earth-centered coordinate systems of the astronomical Celestial Sphere as used in surveying and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Topics include spherical triangle solutions, the determination of the astronomical meridian by solar observation, and the use of GPS by the surveyor. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to determine true azimuths based upon astronomical observation and discuss the use of GPS by the surveyor.

• Spherical Trigonometry
• Law of Sines
• Law of Cosines
• Law of Cotangents
• Spherical Excess
• Triangle Solutions – SSS, SAS, ASS, AAS, ASA, AAA
• Survey Astronomy
• The Celestial Sphere
• The PZS Triangle
• Ephemerides
• Observation Equations (Solar and Polaris)
• GPS and the Surveyor

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